Improvement in bleaceisg and scouring hemp, flax, aid other fibres



i@ @Ya/mfg ff@ Saaz'zzg Hemp d. #72500 Pdmied J2ee. f4, /552 l Hill l l'l Il l' @1H taten datent titre,

LioN muessen, or LILLE, FRANCE. Letters Patent Ivo. 72,500, dated December Q4, 1867.

IMPROVEMENT IN BLEAGHING AND SGOURING HEMI?, ILAX, AND OTHER FIBRES.

citt Srlphnlc marsh tu ia ilgese titert ntcnt unt mating rati at tige same.

TO ALL WI-IOM IT MAY CNCERN:

Be it known that I, LON JAROSSON, wholesale chemist, of Lille, in the Empire of France, have invented Improvements in Bleaching and Drying 'l'hreads and Fabrics, and in combining apparatus for that purpose; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, andicxact description of the same, reference being had tothe annexed sheet of drawings, making a part of the same. Y

'lhis invention refers, first, to a new process and very economical apparatus for scouring, rinsing, bleaching all hemp, lia-x, cotton, and other threads and fabrics, merely by means of dry steam, vwithout using any liquid in the apparatus; and secondly, to an improved drying-apparatus for the same.

By these words, scouringg rinsing, we mean taking off from the yarns, 85e., all resinous matters contained therein, which are quite insoluble in water, and which are.to be dissolved without anywis'e altering the fibres of the threads.

The bleaching of the above fabrics has been heretofore obtained by unboiling said fabrics or yarns, or having them dipped for ive or six hours into water4 saturated with salts of soda.

My economical process consists in dipping Suid yarns or fabrics in a cold alkali, and submitting them after- Wards te-steam. By thismode of proceeding is saved at least seventy-ve per cent. of the alkaline substance requiredfby the old process, and quite as much of steam for each operation, and theresults obtained are much lquicker and more regular on hemp,`ilax, cotton-yarns, or the wovcnfabrics of the sameiibrous materials.

I bave in the annexed drawing, Figure l, represented a first-scouring apparatus, which consists of a sheetiron tank, a, provided with a lid hinged thereto, andshut or secured by means of screws b. This tank maybe made of` any form and any suitable, substance, such as wood, coppexgvstone, tc. My cotton, ax, 82e., yarns or fabrics are merely impregnated with alkaline matters, salts of soda, caustic soda, potash, varying from one to tivo degrees by the hydrometer, according to the nature of the substances to be treated. When the yarns or fabrics are well imbibed und sulciently dripped, they are suspended in the apparatus from sticks c e e, as shown, as close to each other as possible, the lid is lowered and screwed, and the valveat the bottom opened for letting the steam into the apparatus. low-pressure manometer,f, marks the pressure exerted in the apparatus, and

is serving as a gauge for ascertainingand maintaining in the scouring-apparatus a constant regular temperature.

The operation after continuing from one to two hours, at a pressure of from one to two atmospheres, will be quite over, when there only remains 'to take of thc fabrics lor yarns to rinse, chloride, and acidity them as usual. As to the creaming or yellowing of the dax-yarn prior to weaving it, one hours steaming will be suilicient for a thorough creaming, whereby the desired roundness, brilliancy, and solidity of the thread are obtained.

I have, at gs. 23,4, 5, 6, and 7, represented other arrangements which referto all the successive operar tions of creamage and bleaching ofthe yarns.- l i Practice having made me perfectly aware of this fact, that the dipping of the banks lengthwise in solutions oi'alkalies, or in chlorine solutions, would yield, besides a notable saving, far greater results than regular scouring, I operate on the whole length of the banks, but in order to prevent any entangling of the threads, I insert in the upper part of each range a light stick, shown at fig. 5, of any substance unattackable by chlorine.

I a so claim various improvements in the bleaching, scouring, cbloriding operations, which are rendered perfectly mechanical; that is to say, inthe treatment by'cblorine the dippingis effected mechanically. The arrangements and devices used for this chlorining or chloriding operation are illustrated in ii'gs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7.

Figure is a plan view 'of the vats.

Figure 3, a longitudinal elevation.

Figure 4, an ond elevation; and

Figure 5 shows a detail of one of the sticks aforementioned.

In these figures the same letters of reference indicate the same parts,

a I), transmission or driving-shaft; c c, driving-pulleys; ee,eccentriccranks for the dippingin and taking oit of the whole banks from the chlorined batlnand thus causing them to be alternately submitted to the action of chlorine and to that of ambient or surrounding air; iz', beari'ngs; d d, hooks for catching the frames; ff, banks shown lengthwise; gg, sticks, or zine or other metal rods, iig. 5, una'ttackable by chlorine. These rods are terminated by a ringat each end. r

Figures 6 and 7 show in plan view and elevation, with suicient indications, a whole mechanical scouring, chloriding operation` such as practised. 0n the rightv side is shown the scouring arrangements, and on the left the mechanical arrangements for the treatment by chlorine.

In these two/last figures, a shows the frame inserted in the banks, which frames are liable to move up and down, being connected to cranes b b, and made to slide on two rails on each side'of the range of vats or scouring, chloriding-a-pparatus. By causing said cranes to move on, there can be successively dipped the hanks into the vat c, containing the proportion of alkali for the half white products, and into that, d, containing the proportion of alkali for the cream-colored ones; into the apparatus e, wherein the hanks are submitted to the action of steam, this apparatus being represented at lig. I; into the vatf containing hot water; and from thence the hanks are transferred to thelchloriding-vats g 7L j k Z, containing the chlorine, water, acid, soap, Src. Instead of the scouring, chloriding-vats being ranged in a straight line, a pivoted crane may be made use of, and the vats be4 ranged within the circumference described by the arm of said crane.

Figure 8 shows in vertical sectional elevation through C D, tig. 9, and in sectional plan view, iig.,8, through A B, an improved dry-chamber for drying the yarns or fabrics which have undergone the foregoing operations. This drying-chamber comprises all the various conditions of a goed drying operation, such as hot and coldair ventilating,and centrifugal force, resulting from the acquired velocity of the apparatus, which makes from five hundred to one thousand revolutions a minute. v

A, vertical shaft, turning on a centre, X, in a socket B B, arms radiating from shaft A. J J, vertical bars connecting the arms I3 Bf All these bars form together a frame in connection with the shaft A, and supporting tubes or rods L L, for suspending the hanks from, with any desired tension given to them by the setting of said bars apart from one another at distances which may be varied, by means ofholes pierced in the length of the vertical bars .I .I ofthe shaft A. G, dry-chamber case. This case or casing is cylindrical, and may be of wood, sheet iron, or any other substance. K K, slide-doors of the casing G. C, friction-cone, set on a horizontal shaft, C', receiving motion fromany motive-power.' By this is operated another friction-cone, D, on vertical shaft A, which-thus imparts tothe frame B I3 J .I a continuous rotary motion. One of the cones C or D is made to slide on its shaft, so as to either throw the machine in or out. E E, paddle-ventilators or fans, operated by pulleys F F, which receive motion from the upper shaft C through the pulleys N N and straps O O. M, exitpipe, for` letting hot air into the chamber G G. I-I, draught-evaporating chimney. I, regulating-valve within the chimney H.

a a, Figure 9, show hanks suspended from the rods or bars L L.

I have represented, Sheet IV, au improved drier of my invention.

Figure 10 showsa longitudinalsectional elevation of the said drier, through 1 2 of fig. 11.

`Figure 11 shows a cross-sectional elevation of the same, through 3 4, iig. 10; and in these two figures the same letters indicate the same parts.

a, walls or inner sides of the dryingroom. b b, fans worked by suitable transmissions they are blowing air on to the pipes c c, or into the hot-water or hot-air stove. CZ d, cylinders or drums round which are rolled the pieces or fabrics, forming as it were endless bands, turning at any required velocity. The cylinders are `grooved to better convey the material, and they are imparted motion by a transmission, e, whereby are likewise l Worked the fans. f, draught-chimney, for the exit of damp air.

The bleaching-process and apparatus which I h'ave described is by far the most simple, plain, and economical. First. This new method of scouring by dry steam is not only a notable improvement in the working, but it presents a great saving of soda and steam. In fact, after every dipping, the threads or fabrics may he allowed to drip into the bath, and all the dropping matters will serve for the subsequent operation. It suilices for that to feed the said bath. A

Second. The threads or yarns will preserve all their strength, for instead of being manipulated and heaped up in vats, they will pass successively and self-actingly from one vessel to another without undergoing any fatigue. Third. The hues will prove more regular, more quickly obtained. In fact, when the hanks are dipped into the bath, the pressure exerted bythe material on the liquid, and the resistance opposed by the latter, will enforce their division, their being thrown open so as to admit through their whole extent, and in regular manner, the alldaline liquid which they areto absorb. The circulation of light-pressure steam into the tank causes the dissolving action of alkali to react on the resinous matter from which the threads are afterwards completely cleaned by a water-washing. From tliis perfect uniformity in the scouring-process will result therefore a great uniformity in the colors or `hues obtained subsequently with chlorides comparatively weak, and the threads being better scoured, the hues will be more quickly obtained. I

Fourth. My manner of proceeding` obviates the inconveniences of using water saturated with marl or mud, steam being employed for this unboiling operation, or wate'.l chemically pure.

,By the use of my drying mechanical hot-air and cold-air apparatus, as described, the drying of a very large amount of threads is effected at once and in very short time.

By this process and apparatus, as described, is obtained in a mechanical continuous manner, thb bleaching, (scouring, chloriding) of all fax, hemp, cotton-yarns, and fabrics. i

And I claim specially- 1. The apparatus represented lig. 1, for scouring the hanks of threads oy means of dry steam. 2. The arrangements relating to the whole of the successive cream-coloring and bleaching of the threads, es illustrated in agg. 2, s, 4, 5, e, f

3. The drier for said threads, represented in figs. 8 and 9. 4. The drier for fabrics, as represented at igs. 10 and 11. i

v L. JAROSSON. Witnesses:

GUIWALLE, JAMES HANI, A. Garon. 

